What is the term for controlling pests by their natural enemies?

The term for controlling pests by their natural enemies is biological control. This approach leverages the natural relationships within ecosystems, using predators, parasites, or pathogens to manage pest populations. For instance, introducing ladybugs to control aphid populations exemplifies biological control, as ladybugs are natural predators of aphids. This method is often favored in integrated pest management because it can lead to sustainable pest population control without the adverse effects associated with chemical pesticides, such as environmental contamination or harm to non-target organisms.

In contrast, chemical control focuses on the use of synthetic pesticides to eliminate pests directly. Genetic control involves modifying the genetic makeup of pests or their environment to reduce their populations or impacts, while cultural control encompasses practices that alter the environment or cultural practices to make it less conducive for pests to thrive. Each method has its advantages and applications, but biological control specifically emphasizes harnessing natural enemies, making it distinct among the options provided.